铝电解生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)是(shi)在950°C左右的高(gao)温(wen)熔盐液体中(zhong)进(jin)行(xing)的，在槽池侧(ce)(ce)部(bu)(bu)的炭(tan)块(kuai)要(yao)求耐高(gao)温(wen)、耐腐蚀、抗氧化，利于建(jian)立规整坚固的炉(lu)帮，而且要(yao)满足(zu)长期高(gao)温(wen)熔池生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)的需要(yao)。但是(shi)，侧(ce)(ce)部(bu)(bu)炭(tan)块(kuai)散热巨(ju)大，底(di)部(bu)(bu)热量(liang)损失也相当严重，由此(ci)造成大量(liang)的能(neng)量(liang)空耗，目前铝电解行(xing)业生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)中(zhong)能(neng)量(liang)利用率相当低，只有48%左右。

　　传统的(de)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)热材(cai)料由于(yu)材(cai)质性能(neng)等原因，加(jia)装电(dian)解槽(cao)(cao)后(hou)不(bu)仅达不(bu)到绝(jue)(jue)(jue)缘(yuan)保温的(de)要求，反(fan)而影响槽(cao)(cao)内(nei)(nei)膛尺(chi)寸，恶(e)化电(dian)解正常(chang)运行，所以国内(nei)(nei)电(dian)解生(sheng)产企业，极少在槽(cao)(cao)内(nei)(nei)进(jin)行保温尝试。河南豫港龙泉铝业公司近期在电(dian)解槽(cao)(cao)中采用纳米(mi)孔(kong)超级绝(jue)(jue)(jue)缘(yuan)保温材(cai)料，取得了十分显著的(de)节能(neng)效果。

　　纳米孔超级绝热(re)(re)(re)(re)材料是(shi)一种新近发(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)纳米技术制作、面向中高(gao)(gao)温(wen)绝热(re)(re)(re)(re)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)效隔热(re)(re)(re)(re)材料，其气(qi)孔尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)小于空(kong)气(qi)平均(jun)分子自由程(cheng)，且(qie)具有很低(di)的(de)(de)(de)体(ti)(ti)积密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，能够有效抑(yi)制热(re)(re)(re)(re)传导(dao)，气(qi)体(ti)(ti)对(dui)流和辐射传热(re)(re)(re)(re)，其导(dao)热(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)数从室(shi)温(wen)到(dao)1100°C的(de)(de)(de)整个工作温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范围(wei)内低(di)于静止(zhi)空(kong)气(qi)，且(qie)导(dao)热(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)数几乎不随温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)而变化(hua)。与目(mu)前常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)绝热(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)温(wen)材料相比，绝热(re)(re)(re)(re)效果可提高(gao)(gao)10倍。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)这种材料可减少绝热(re)(re)(re)(re)层厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)50%，并可长期稳定使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于1000°C温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下。当采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)传统隔热(re)(re)(re)(re)材料30%~40%厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)情况(kuang)下，节能率普遍可达到(dao)25%~40%，不仅可以显(xian)著(zhu)降低(di)生产和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中的(de)(de)(de)能耗，还可使设(she)备的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和重(zhong)量得以大(da)幅降低(di)。

　　豫(yu)港龙(long)泉(quan)铝(lv)业公司利用纳(na)米(mi)孔(kong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)超薄高保温(wen)(wen)防(fang)散(san)热性能(neng)，在槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)壳内壁铺(pu)设一层(ceng)(ceng)10mm厚的(de)(de)纳(na)米(mi)孔(kong)材料(liao)，对槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)膛尺寸和(he)侧部性能(neng)影(ying)响很(hen)小(xiao)(xiao)，却可以满(man)足电解(jie)(jie)(jie)低能(neng)耗生产(chan)技(ji)术(shu)的(de)(de)要求。电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)底部热损(sun)失约占总散(san)热量(liang)的(de)(de)5%~7%，在防(fang)渗料(liao)下加装一层(ceng)(ceng)纳(na)米(mi)保温(wen)(wen)材料(liao)，在对槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)内衬结构改变轻微的(de)(de)情况下使底部的(de)(de)散(san)热大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低，强(qiang)化了(le)电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)保温(wen)(wen)效果。对这种安装有纳(na)米(mi)绝热保温(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，采用焦粒焙烧(shao)(shao)技(ji)术(shu)进(jin)行(xing)焙烧(shao)(shao)启动。在焙烧(shao)(shao)过程中，电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)梯度较(jiao)为均匀，电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)极少(shao)出现局部过热现象。经85小(xiao)(xiao)时左(zuo)右(you)，电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)炉(lu)膛平均温(wen)(wen)度达到836°C，中缝的(de)(de)电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质块已经全部熔化，电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质溶液铺(pu)满(man)炉(lu)底，达到了(le)启动电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)所要求的(de)(de)温(wen)(wen)度，比(bi)普通电解(jie)(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)焙烧(shao)(shao)时间(jian)缩短10小(xiao)(xiao)时左(zuo)右(you)。炉(lu)帮形成非常(chang)规整，进(jin)入电解(jie)(jie)(jie)正常(chang)期生产(chan)明显较(jiao)快。

　　豫港龙泉(quan)铝(lv)(lv)业公(gong)司在6台大型电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)上(shang)使用纳(na)(na)米(mi)孔超级绝热材(cai)(cai)料，经长期(qi)生产运(yun)行的(de)实践证明(ming)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)运(yun)行平(ping)(ping)稳，与未加(jia)装纳(na)(na)米(mi)孔保温材(cai)(cai)料的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)相比，节(jie)能降耗效果相当显(xian)著。纳(na)(na)米(mi)保温槽(cao)(cao)(cao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压降到(dao)3.7V，降低40~60mV；纳(na)(na)米(mi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流效率达(da)91.3%，高(gao)(gao)于普(pu)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)。纳(na)(na)米(mi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)侧(ce)部(bu)钢板温度平(ping)(ping)均为230.5°C，降低20~24°C；底部(bu)温度降低5~8°C。纳(na)(na)米(mi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)温及电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质水平(ping)(ping)和(he)普(pu)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)基本持(chi)平(ping)(ping)，但铝(lv)(lv)水平(ping)(ping)高(gao)(gao)于普(pu)通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)。在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压低能量支出较少的(de)情况下(xia)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)热量充足(zu)，说明(ming)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)有效保温使热损(sun)失大大减少。